Static analysis of C/C++ code

Cppcheck

GitHub Actions Linux Build Status Windows Build Status OSS-Fuzz Coverity Scan Build Status License
Github Action Status Linux Build Status Windows Build Status OSS-Fuzz Coverity Scan Build Status License

About the name

The original name of this program was "C++check", but it was later changed to "Cppcheck".

Despite the name, Cppcheck is designed for both C and C++.

Manual

A manual is available online.

Donate CPU

Cppcheck is a hobby project with limited resources. You can help us by donating CPU (1 core or as many as you like). It is simple:

  1. Download (and extract) Cppcheck source code.
  2. Run script: python cppcheck/tools/donate-cpu.py.

The script will analyse debian source code and upload the results to a cppcheck server. We need these results both to improve Cppcheck and to detect regressions.

You can stop the script whenever you like with Ctrl C.

Compiling

Any C++11 compiler should work. For compilers with partial C++11 support it may work. If your compiler has the C++11 features that are available in Visual Studio 2013 / GCC 4.6 then it will work.

To build the GUI, you need Qt.

When building the command line tool, PCRE is optional. It is used if you build with rules.

There are multiple compilation choices:

  • qmake - cross platform build tool
  • cmake - cross platform build tool
  • Windows: Visual Studio (VS 2013 and above)
  • Windows: Qt Creator + mingw
  • gnu make
  • g++ 4.6 (or later)
  • clang++

cmake

Example, compiling Cppcheck with cmake:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build .

If you want to compile the GUI you can use the flag. -DBUILD_GUI=ON

For rules support (requires pcre) use the flag. -DHAVE_RULES=ON

For release builds it is recommended that you use: -DUSE_MATCHCOMPILER=ON

Using cmake you can generate project files for Visual Studio,XCode,etc.

qmake

You can use the gui/gui.pro file to build the GUI.

cd gui
qmake
make

Visual Studio

Use the cppcheck.sln file. The file is configured for Visual Studio 2019, but the platform toolset can be changed easily to older or newer versions. The solution contains platform targets for both x86 and x64.

To compile with rules, select "Release-PCRE" or "Debug-PCRE" configuration. pcre.lib (pcre64.lib for x64 builds) and pcre.h are expected to be in /externals then. A current version of PCRE for Visual Studio can be obtained using vcpkg.

Visual Studio (from command line)

If you do not wish to use the Visual Studio IDE, you can compile cppcheck from the command line the following command.

msbuild cppcheck.sln

VS Code (on Windows)

Install MSYS2 to get GNU toolchain with g++ and gdb (https://www.msys2.org/). Create a settings.json file in the .vscode folder with the following content (adjust path as necessary):

{
    "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "C:\\msys64\\usr\\bin\\bash.exe",
    "terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [
        "--login",
    ],
    "terminal.integrated.env.windows": {
        "CHERE_INVOKING": "1",
        "MSYSTEM": "MINGW64",
    }
}

Run "make" in the terminal to build cppcheck.

For debugging create a launch.json file in the .vscode folder with the following content, which covers configuration for debugging cppcheck and misra.py:

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "cppcheck",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/cppcheck.exe",
            "args": [
                "--dump",
                "${workspaceFolder}/addons/test/misra/misra-test.c"
            ],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "name": "misra.py",
            "type": "python",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/addons/misra.py",
            "console": "integratedTerminal",
            "args": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/addons/test/misra/misra-test.c.dump"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Qt Creator + MinGW

The PCRE dll is needed to build the CLI. It can be downloaded here: http://software-download.name/pcre-library-windows/

GNU make

Simple, unoptimized build (no dependencies):

make

The recommended release build is:

make MATCHCOMPILER=yes FILESDIR=/usr/share/cppcheck HAVE_RULES=yes CXXFLAGS="-O2 -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused-function"

Flags:

  1. MATCHCOMPILER=yes Python is used to optimise cppcheck. The Token::Match patterns are converted into C++ code at compile time.

  2. FILESDIR=/usr/share/cppcheck Specify folder where cppcheck files are installed (addons, cfg, platform)

  3. HAVE_RULES=yes Enable rules (PCRE is required if this is used)

  4. CXXFLAGS="-O2 -DNDEBUG -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused-function" Enables most compiler optimizations, disables cppcheck-internal debugging code and enables basic compiler warnings.

g++ (for experts)

If you just want to build Cppcheck without dependencies then you can use this command:

g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++11 -Iexternals -Iexternals/simplecpp -Iexternals/tinyxml2 -Iexternals/picojson -Ilib cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/simplecpp/simplecpp.cpp externals/tinyxml2/*.cpp

If you want to use --rule and --rule-file then dependencies are needed:

g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++11 -lpcre -DHAVE_RULES -Ilib -Iexternals -Iexternals/simplecpp -Iexternals/tinyxml2 cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/simplecpp/simplecpp.cpp externals/tinyxml2/*.cpp

MinGW

mingw32-make LDFLAGS=-lshlwapi

Other Compiler/IDE

  1. Create an empty project file / makefile.
  2. Add all cpp files in the cppcheck cli and lib folders to the project file / makefile.
  3. Add all cpp files in the externals folders to the project file / makefile.
  4. Compile.

Cross compiling Win32 (CLI) version of Cppcheck in Linux

sudo apt-get install mingw32
make CXX=i586-mingw32msvc-g++ LDFLAGS="-lshlwapi" RDYNAMIC=""
mv cppcheck cppcheck.exe

Packages

You can install Cppcheck with yum/apt/brew/etc.

The official rpms are built with these files: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/cppcheck/tree/master

Webpage

https://cppcheck.sourceforge.io/

Owner
Daniel Marjamäki
Lives in Sweden with wife and son. Works full time as C++ developer at Edgeware (TV streaming). Works on open source software in spare time.
Daniel Marjamäki
Comments
  • Addition of a document type definition for library configurations

    Addition of a document type definition for library configurations

    A document type definition can help to work with corresponding files because it describes the involved data structures to some degree. Such a DTD can be added so that further improvements will become easier for the safe data exchange around library configurations for static source code analysis.

    A DTD format was standardised as a basis for XML documents. Some technical challenges and limitations were noticed so that another standard like W3C XML Schema evolved. Such a XML schema definition can also be added so that corresponding file handling might become more consistent.

    • Would you like to try this approach out?
    • How are the chances to integrate this update suggestion into your source code repository?
  • Add a dynamic rule enable/disable system

    Add a dynamic rule enable/disable system

    First, each rule now has a "state" attribute:

    enabled => rule is enabled ... disabled => rule is disabled. ...

    Second, each rule has a list of IDs of rules to disable and a list of rules to enable if fired:

    ... thatrule thisrule disabled thisrule ... thatrule ...

    Initially, the first and third rule are enabled. When the first rule gets fired, then the third rule becomes disabled and the second rule becomes enabled.

    Note that the behavior of this system is undefined when the rule to be enabled or disabled should fire on the same source fragment which fired the controlling rule.

  • Check that virtual function non-narrow access modifier in derived class

    Check that virtual function non-narrow access modifier in derived class

    That's kind a weird style when derived class has a private method which is public in parent. You can't invoke it directly but could cast it to parent and invoke.

  • Initial QT support

    Initial QT support

    Hi guys,

    We've been using cppcheck for our QT project but we kept getting false-positives from some of the functions that were exposed to QT so I've done a small patch that'll scan the code for Q_PROPERTY variables and also tokenize the QML (essentially javascript) sudo-code for calls that reference the C/C++ code.

    //commit ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    • Will check for Q_PROPERTY fields and remove them from the unused function list
    • Will parse the .qml files (if they're in the source list of files to check) and remove references to C/C++ functions which would have otherwise been unused.

    Use --enable=all or --enable=qt etc to enable the functionality and add the *.qml (i.e. src/assets) path to the command line interface invocation.

  • Bug #2524: Addition of CMake build files

    Bug #2524: Addition of CMake build files

    This is my third proposal for the building of the Cppcheck software with the tool "CMake" in this year. I hope that the chances will increase for integration of the suggested adjustments into your source repository.

    Would you like to accept this retry?

  • donate-cpu-server.py: added stale report / cleanups

    donate-cpu-server.py: added stale report / cleanups

    I recognized several entries in the crash report which were outdated and when trying to run them locally it turned out the archive was no longer available. There's probably even more cases which might lead to the results not being updated, but there's currently no way to find this packages so I added a stale report which will show the results which are older than 30 days.

    I also added the date and time to the crash report so it is easier to see which of the results are recent.

  • Add cpack packaging capability

    Add cpack packaging capability

    Linux distributions frequently lag behind actual releases. This offers users the opportunity to create their own packages easily.

    Example usage:

    $ mkdir build && cd build
    $ cmake -DCPACK_GENERATOR=RPM ..
    $ make package
    

    Note that the version info is automatically computed from the output of git describe --tags.

  • Project configuration with CMake

    Project configuration with CMake

    Hi!

    I would like to help to the project with this small contribution. I added a new way to configure, compile and install the project using CMake. I think that for people familiar with this tool, the configuration, build and installation of the project is more intuitive. I didn't touch none of the previous configurations, and all of them can live together.

    Right now, I only tested that on Ubuntu 14.04 but It should be generic for any Linux distribution. If you decide to accept the contribution I can also deal with the Windows building (probably some minor changes should be made for that purpose).

    I have also some other ideas easy to implement with CMake that could be interesting for the project.

  • Fix issue 8413: Condition is always false 'i=expr; if (i != expr) {}'

    Fix issue 8413: Condition is always false 'i=expr; if (i != expr) {}'

    When comparing same expression, this will follow variables if the variable hasn't been modified:

    void f() { const int i = sizeof(int);  if ( i != sizeof (int)){}}
    
  • Extend command line to support --xml-results=<file> option

    Extend command line to support --xml-results= option

    For integration with cmake and jenkins for a large-scale codebase, we'd like the XML results to be written to a specific file, rather than going to standard error.

  • Check for functions calls in sizeof calculations

    Check for functions calls in sizeof calculations

    A common mistake that I have found in our codebase is calling a function to get an integer or enum that represents the type such as:

    int numBytes = numElements * sizeof(x.GetType());
    

    This extends cppcheck for sizeof calculation to check for function calls as well.

  • compilerDefinitions.cmake: specify proper define for

    compilerDefinitions.cmake: specify proper define for "safe libc++"

    I followed the documentation from https://libcxx.llvm.org/DesignDocs/DebugMode.html#using-the-debug-mode which refers to LIBCXX_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE. But that is a CMake define you are supposed to pass when building libc++. Also the debug mode needs the library to be built with it which is not something we do. So as suggested we should enable the assertions via _LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=1 instead - see https://libcxx.llvm.org/UsingLibcxx.html#assertions-mode.

  • MISRA: Speed up analysis of .ctu_info files

    MISRA: Speed up analysis of .ctu_info files

    When a .ctu-info file contains many macro definitions, the MISRA checks can take a long time (hours).

    In our case, we are using libdivide which includes tens of thousands of machine generated macros.

    The slow down is a result of the duplicate checks for MisraTypedefInfo, MisraTagNameand MisraMacro values, implemented as nested loops in analyse_ctu_info.

    This PR replaces the nested loops with a temporary dictionary, keyed on the item name.

  • generate `*.vcxproj` file lists with `dmake`

    generate `*.vcxproj` file lists with `dmake`

    cli.vcxproj and testrunner.vcxproj are changed completely since the newlines were wrong (CR instead of CRLF). We need a proper .gitattributes file which enforces those. To view those changes you need to enable the Hide whitespace option in the diff viewer (accessible via the "gear" icon).

    The added Label attribute is allowed - it is simply not used by Visual Studio in those files. It does allow use to define marker and the file lists in question so we can rewrite them.

    I have no added writing of the *.vcxproj.filters yet but that is simply for grouping in the IDE and has no effect on the builds. Will add that in a later PR.

  • Add SARIF output support.

    Add SARIF output support.

    This has been on my TODO list for a while! I've been wanting to integrate CppCheck's results into GitHub since Code Scanning came out. To do that, however, the tool needs to spit out SARIF.

    To test it out, run cppcheck --sarif --quiet foo.c

    Now, this is only an initial stab, and it's probably a bit ugly. I'm not quite done just yet (hence why it's a draft PR). For one, it's not truly outputting the correct line/column numbers. So, if you have any suggestions or comments, please let me know.

    Also, I initially tried to work SARIF output into the original design by adding a ErrorMessage::toSARIF method (ala ErrorMessage::toXML), but I quickly realized that this wouldn't work very well, since the SARIF document has to be "constructed", not "streamed" the way the XML document is. Which meant that I had to rework the way that findings ("errors") were collected and aggregated, since the SARIF document kinda needs to see everything all at once.

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